In the heart of the Bardenas Reales of Navarra, the Cabezo de Castildetierra, or as many call it, “The Earth Castle,” rises as an unmistakable natural monument. This unique formation, sculpted by centuries of erosion, is not only the most recognised symbol of the park but also a place that holds stories, curiosities, and a beauty that attracts visitors from all over the world.
Geological History of the Cabezo de Castildetierra
The Earth Castle, as its name suggests, resembles a castle eroded by the passage of time. But its story began millions of years ago when the Bardenas Reales was a vast seabed. The accumulated sediments formed layers of clay, gypsum, and sandstone, which were later shaped by the action of wind and water. This natural process, still ongoing, is responsible for the peculiar shape of this iconic geological formation.
A Landscape in Constant Change
The pointed summit of Castildetierra is composed of a harder layer of rock that protects the softer layers of its base. However, wind, rain, and extreme temperatures continuously erode its more fragile strata.
- Active Erosion: Every year, small portions of the base crumble or wear away, gradually altering the monument. This means that the landscape we see today is ephemeral, and in a few decades, it could look significantly different.
The Future of the Cabezo de Castildetierra
Although it is an unmistakable symbol of the Bardenas Reales, the future of Castildetierra is marked by the fragility of its structure. As erosion processes continue, experts predict that:
- The summit could disappear: In the distant future, the resistant rock layer that forms the “crown” could collapse, leaving a less recognisable shape.
- The base will shrink: The clay and gypsum, highly sensitive to water and temperature changes, will continue to degrade, reducing the height and stability of the formation.
- Environmental conservation: While this is a natural process, local authorities and conservationists work to protect the surrounding area and ensure that visitors do not accelerate the terrain’s deterioration through improper practices.
How to Preserve Its Legacy
While natural erosion cannot be stopped, efforts to minimise human impact are essential to prolong the life of this natural monument:
- Access control: Restricting vehicle access and ensuring visitors stick to designated trails.
- Environmental education: Encouraging respect for the environment among visitors to prevent unnecessary damage.
The Cabezo de Castildetierra is a reminder that nature is in constant transformation. Visiting it today is a unique opportunity to witness a fragment of Navarra’s geological history, knowing that its shape and silhouette will continue to evolve over time.
Unique Curiosities of Castildetierra
Did you know that…?
- Castildetierra was once a sea: Millions of years ago, water covered what is now the semi-desert landscape of the Bardenas Reales.
- A source of artistic and cinematic inspiration: A filming location for movies and series such as “Game of Thrones”, it serves as a natural muse for photographers and artists.
- The legend of Sanchicorrota: A famous medieval bandit sought refuge in these lands, leaving his mark on local history.
- The origin of its name: Though it looks like an “earth castle,” there are no records of human constructions at this site. Its name evokes its shape and deep connection with the natural surroundings.
Practical Tips for an Unforgettable Visit
The Best Time to Visit
- Spring and autumn: The landscape’s colours are more vibrant, and the temperatures are more pleasant.
- Magical sunsets: Arriving at the end of the day offers spectacular lighting for photographs and a more peaceful experience. However, it is mandatory to leave the natural park one hour before sunset.
What to Bring With You
- Comfortable and sturdy footwear for walking on uneven terrain.
- Sun protection, sunglasses, and a hat: The semi-desert climate can be intense.
- Plenty of water: There are no natural water sources in the park.
- A camera or a good-quality phone to capture the essence of the place.
Respect Nature
- Always follow the designated trails.
- Avoid damaging the flora or fauna.
- Take all your waste with you and help keep this space clean.
What Else to Discover in the Bardenas Reales
Must-Do Activities in Castildetierra
Hiking and Cycling Routes
- Circular Route Around the Firing Range: A 32 km route that includes unique landscapes and breathtaking views of the Bardena Blanca.
- Barranco Grande Trail: Ideal for lovers of arid landscapes.
Birdwatching and Flora Observation
- Spot the majestic golden eagle or Egyptian vultures soaring through the sky.
- Discover native plants like thyme and esparto grass, adapted to the extreme climate.
Professional Photography
- Capture the sunrise, when shadows enhance the landscape’s textures.
- Cloudy days create dramatic contrasts, perfect for photography.
How to Get to the Cabezo de Castildetierra
The main access is from Arguedas, a village 15 minutes from Tudela. From there:
- Follow the signs to the Bardenas Reales Natural Park.
- Stop by the Arguedas visitor centre for maps and updated recommendations.
Transport Alternatives
- By car: The most convenient option, as the roads are well signposted.
- By bicycle: Perfect for adventurers who want to explore the area actively.
Where to Stay and Eat Near Castildetierra
If you’re looking for a place to rest after exploring Castildetierra, nearby accommodation options stand out for their quality and charm. In Arguedas, rural houses offer an authentic atmosphere, ideal for unwinding and immersing yourself in the tranquillity of the region. Meanwhile, in Tudela, you’ll find modern hotels with all the comforts, perfect for those who prefer an urban touch close to the Bardenas Reales.
As for the local cuisine, the experience is equally unforgettable. The Cogollos de Tudela, with their freshness and simplicity, are a delight not to be missed, while cordero al chilindrón offers a burst of traditional flavours. Pair it all with a fine wine from the Navarra D.O., and your visit will be rounded off with the authentic taste of the region.
Plan Your Visit to Castildetierra
Castildetierra is not just a place; it is an experience that connects visitors with the nature, history, and geology of Navarra. Browse our guides and recommendations for the Bardenas Reales, featuring the best routes and tips to make the most of your visit.